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NASA
The Houston Space Center, in Houston, Texas, on May 20, 2025, is home to the NASA Astronaut training facility and command center. (Photo by Stephanie Tacy/NurPhoto) -
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NASA
The Houston Space Center, in Houston, Texas, on May 20, 2025, is home to the NASA Astronaut training facility and command center. (Photo by Stephanie Tacy/NurPhoto) -
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NASA
The Houston Space Center, in Houston, Texas, on May 20, 2025, is home to the NASA Astronaut training facility and command center. (Photo by Stephanie Tacy/NurPhoto) -
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NASA
The Houston Space Center, in Houston, Texas, on May 20, 2025, is home to the NASA Astronaut training facility and command center. (Photo by Stephanie Tacy/NurPhoto) -
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Daily Life In Kolkata, India
A person walks past a mural of Chandrayaan 3 in Kolkata, India, on May 11, 2025. (Photo by Sudipta Das/NurPhoto) -
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Daily Life In Kolkata, India
A person walks past a mural of Chandrayaan 3 in Kolkata, India, on May 11, 2025. (Photo by Sudipta Das/NurPhoto) -
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Education Secretary Nadhim Zahawi Meets Tim Peake
20/04/2022. London, United Kingdom. The Education Secretary, Nadhim Zahawi meets British Astronaut Tim Peake at the Department for Education. Picture by Tim Hammond / No 10 Downing Street / eyevine
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Education Secretary Nadhim Zahawi Meets Tim Peake
20/04/2022. London, United Kingdom. The Education Secretary, Nadhim Zahawi meets British Astronaut Tim Peake at the Department for Education. Picture by Tim Hammond / No 10 Downing Street / eyevine
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Education Secretary Nadhim Zahawi Meets Tim Peake
20/04/2022. London, United Kingdom. The Education Secretary, Nadhim Zahawi meets British Astronaut Tim Peake at the Department for Education. Picture by Tim Hammond / No 10 Downing Street / eyevine
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Lake Victoria
Lake Victoria and Lake Turkana are featured in this image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-3 mission. These two large African lakes that were included in a new study published today in the AGU journal Geophysical Research Letters. According to the studyÕs main findings, lakes at lower latitudes such as these are anticipated to experience the greatest increase in severe lake heatwaves.
Credit: Copernicus Sentinel (2021), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO / eyevine
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Cygnus cargo spacecraft
Cygnus-17 cargo craft captured by ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer aboard the International Space Station when flying over Earth and arriving to the Station on 21 February 2022 after its launch on 19 February 2022 carrying science and supplies for the crew of Expedition 66.
Credit: ESA/NASA-M.Maurer; CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 / eyevine
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Lignite surface mines in Germany
Images of the Inden and Hambach lignite surface mines in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, as seen from the International Space Station. ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer posted these images to his social media channels on 10 February 2022 with the caption: "Due to the fact that Germany has been covered in clouds since I've been up here, there hasn't been much to see so far. But a few days ago, there were landmarks jumping into my view: the Inden and Hambach lignite surface mines. Nearby is also the Garzweiler mine which so incredibly deep and wide that that small planes can fly through this huge pit below ground level. A most prominent feature of how humans change our planet."
Credit: ESA/NASA-M.Maurer; CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 / eyevine
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New eruption at Krakatoa Volcano
A new eruption started at the Anak Krakatoa, or Krakatau, volcano on Rakata Island in Indonesia on 3 February 2022, as seen in this image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission. The eruption prompted the Anak Krakatau Volcano Observatory to raise the aviation colour code to orange.
The eruption started at around 16:15 local time, with a thick column of gas, with possible volcanic ash content, rising to around 200 m above the crater.
Credit: Copernicus Sentinel data (2022), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO / eyevine
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contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO / eyevine -
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Athens under snow
An unusual snowstorm has blanketed parts of Turkey and Greece, causing power cuts and chaos on the roads and flight cancellations. These two satellite images, from the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission, show Athens: the image on the left was captured on 25 January and the image on the right is from 20 January. Just five days apart, the difference that this severe Mediterranean snowstorm has made to the Greek capital is clear to see. Heavy snow fell here for more than 12 hours on 24 January, leaving thousands of motorists stranded on the Attiki Odos motorway, with those not rescued having to cope with temperatures as low as –14°C as night fell. The Greek government declared a two-day public holiday after the snowstorm.
The storm has also caused similar chaos in Turkey. And, remarkably beaches in Antalya have seen snow for the first time in 29 years.
Copernicus Sentinel-2 is a two-satellite mission. Each satellite carries a high-resolution camera that images Earth’s surface in 13 spectral bands. Together they cover all Earth’s land surfaces, large islands, inland and coastal waters every five days at the equator.
Credit: contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO / eyevine
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contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO / eyevine -
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The beauty of the Sun seen from space
Image of a sunset or sunrise seen from the International Space Station. ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer captured and posted this image to his social channels on 23 January 2022 with the caption:
He posted this to his social channels on 20 January 2022 with the caption: "The beauty of a sunset / sunrise. This thin layer of atmosphere is what makes our planet unique and provides the basis for all life. From space it seems more fragile, prone, unguarded and vulnerable than the scent of perfume."
Credit: ESA/NASA; CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 / eyevine
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Beaming with science
Astronauts aboard the International Space Station farewelled over 2000 kg of scientific experiments and hardware on Sunday 23 January as a cargo Dragon spacecraft began its return to Earth.
ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer captured the resupply vehicle in all its glory as it departed the orbital outpost at 15:40 GMT/16:40 CET. It splashed down approximately 29 hours later off the coast of Florida, USA.
The SpaceX spacecraft arrived at the Space Station just before Christmas, bringing new experiments alongside Christmas treats. It returned with a bellyful of science, including several European experiments that were quickly transported to NASA’s Space Station Processing Facility at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, and other items that flew with ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet during his Alpha mission.
Among the experiments were an investigation into the effect of microgravity on resting muscle tone known as Myotones, cell cultures for the Cytoskeleton experiment that looks at how human cells behave in weightlessness, and a new device called Thermo-Mini for continually monitoring core body temperature that you might have seen Matthias sporting on Station.
It also transported cargo relating to Microage, which uses synthetic muscle cells to study muscle degradation aboard the International Space Station, the Blob educational experiment that saw students replicate space research in the classroom using a naturally occurring slime mould, and equipment for the Multiscale Boiling experiment Rubi.
The next resupply vehicle to fly to the Station is a Northrop Grumman Cygnus, expected to be launched no earlier than 19 February 2022. In the meantime, the astronauts of Expedition 66 continue their busy schedule of science and operations in orbit. See Matthias Maurer’s Cosmic Kiss mission page for the latest news.
Credit: ESA/NASA-M.Maurer / eyevine
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The Medusae Fossae formation
This image from ESA’s Mars Express shows part of what is possibly the largest single source of dust on Mars: a wind-sculpted feature known as the Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF). The MFF is remarkably extensive – it is the largest sedimentary deposit on the planet and stretches out discontinuously for more than 5000 km, covering an area about the size of India.
This image comprises data gathered by ESA’s Mars Express using its High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on 14 May 2021. The colour image was created using data from the nadir channel, the field of view aligned perpendicular to the surface of Mars, and the colour channels of the HRSC. The ground resolution is approximately 19 m/pixel and the images are centred at about 192°E/2°N. North is to the right.
Credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO / eyevine
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Ariane 6 lower stage at Europe's Spaceport
The the first lower stage of ESA’s next-generation Ariane 6 launch vehicle has been installed on the assembly line at Europe’s Spaceport behind the upper stage. It is now time to join the two to create the central core of Ariane 6 in readiness for the first combined tests on the launch pad.
The arrival from Europe of Ariane 6’s central core in French Guiana is a major milestone and an exciting step forward in the path to first flight as it allows combined tests to start. From arrival to hot-firing tests on the launch pad, operational procedures will mimic an Ariane 6 launch campaign.
The lower stage is from ArianeGroup’s Les Mureaux site in France. Fitted with an additional two or four solid rocket boosters it is designed to power Ariane 6 in the first phase of flight, delivering about 135 tonnes of thrust in vacuum. The core stage is powered by the liquid-fuelled Vulcain 2.1 – an upgraded engine derived from Ariane 5’s Vulcain 2.
The Ariane 6 upper stage, built in ArianeGroup’s Bremen factory in Germany, allows Ariane 6 to reach a range of orbits on a single mission to deliver more payloads.
These two stages arrived by boat in French Guiana on 17 January 2022.
The upcoming tests verify all the interfaces and functions between the Ariane 6 launch vehicle and ground facilities of the new Ariane 6 launch complex at the spaceport. Reaching this phase of activities is the result of intense preparation by ESA and its partners in Europe and at Europe’s Spaceport.
Credit: P BAUDON/ESA/CNES/Arianespace / eyevine
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New location, same ASIM
The first-of-its-kind complement of instruments dubbed the ‘space storm hunter’ hangs out in its new location outside the International Space Station in this image taken by on of the Station’s external cameras.
The Atmosphere–Space Interactions Monitor, or ASIM for short, measures electric events in Earth’s upper atmosphere with cameras, photometers and X- and gamma-ray detectors.
Last week ASIM was switched off and moved by robotic arm to another spot outside the Columbus module to make room for an American payload. Now in its new location, the instrument is being activated and so far things are going well.
From its new vantage point, just next to its current one, ASIM is pointing in a different direction, slightly more towards the horizon instead of straight down. This will help researchers work out how much the atmosphere at different altitudes influences the processes of electrical discharges. It’s like viewing a firework display: one can enjoy the shapes more from the side than if one is just below the display!
Though designed to look for electrical discharges born in stormy weather conditions in Earth’s upper atmosphere, ASIM recently detected a unique gamma-ray burst from outer space.
The spurt turned out to be from an explosive giant flare from a magnetar located 10 million light-years away in a distant galaxy. Magnetars are a special type of neutron star – the collapsed core of what was once a supergiant star. This fortuitous observation was published in the December issue of Nature magazine.
ASIM was built by Danish company Terma, the Danish Technical University, the University of Bergen in Norway and the University of Valencia in Spain for the European Space Agency.
Credit: ESA/NASA / eyevine
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A Cosmic Draw
It is now widely accepted amongst astronomers that an important aspect of how galaxies evolve is the way they interact with one another. Galaxies can merge, collide, or brush past one another Ñ each of which has a significant impact on their shapes and structures. As common as these interactions are thought to be in the Universe, it is rare to capture an image of two galaxies interacting in such a visibly dynamic way. This image, from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, feels incredibly three-dimensional for a piece of deep-space imagery.
The subject of this image is named Arp 282, an interacting galaxy pair that is composed of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 169 (bottom) and the galaxy IC 1559 (top). If youÕre interested in learning more about Seyfert galaxies, you can read about the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5728 here. Interestingly, both of the galaxies comprising Arp 282 have monumentally energetic cores, known as active galactic nuclei (AGN), although it is difficult to tell that from this image. This is actually rather fortunate, because if the full emission of two AGNs was visible in this image, then it would probably obscure the beautifully detailed tidal interactions occurring between NGC 169 and IC 1559. Tidal forces occur when an objectÕs gravity causes another object to distort or stretch. The direction of the tidal forces will be away from the lower-mass object and towards the higher mass object. When two galaxies interact, gas, dust and even entire solar systems will be drawn away from one galaxy towards the other by these tidal forces. This process can actually be seen in action in this image Ñ delicate streams of matter have formed, visibly linking the two galaxies.
Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, J. Dalcanton / eyevine
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Strike!
The subject of this image is a group of three galaxies, collectively known as NGC 7764A. They were imaged by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, using both its Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). The two galaxies in the upper right of the image appear to be interacting with one another — indeed, the long trails of stars and gas extending from them both give the impression that they have both just been struck at great speed, thrown into disarray by the bowling-ball-shaped galaxy to the lower left of the image. In reality, however, interactions between galaxies happen over very long time periods, and galaxies rarely collide head-on with one another. It is also unclear whether the galaxy to the lower left is actually interacting with the other two, although they are so relatively close in space that it seems possible that they are. By happy coincidence, the collective interaction between these galaxies have caused the two on the upper right to form a shape, which from our Solar System's perspective, ressembles the starship known as the USS Enterprise from Star Trek!
NGC 7764A, which lies about 425 million light years from Earth in the constellation Phoenix, is a fascinating example of just how awkward astronomical nomenclature can be. The three galaxies are individually referred to as NGC 7764A1, NGC 7764A2 and NGC 7764A3, and just to be really difficult, an entirely separate galaxy, named NGC 7764, sits in the skies about a Moon’s distance (as seen from Earth) away. This rather haphazard naming makes more sense when we consider that many of the catalogues for keeping track of celestial bodies were compiled well over 100 years ago, long before modern technology made standardising scientific terminology much easier. As it is, many astronomical objects have several different names, or might have names that are so similar to other objects’ names that they cause confusion.
Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, J. Dalcanton, Dark Energy Survey, D
ESA/Hubble & NASA, J. Dalcanton, Dark Energy Survey, DOE, FNAL, DECam, CTIO, NOIRLab/NSF/AURA, ESO; CC BY 4.0 Acknowledgement: J -
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Training on the robotic arm
ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer and NASA astronaut Kayla Barron during tracking and capture practice for the Canadarm2 robotic arm. Matthias posted this image to his social media channels on 7 February 2022 with the caption: "When we go to the Moon and explore even farther, we'll work hand-in-hand with robots. Last month Kayla and I brushed up on our Canadarm2 tracking and capture skills using the robotic workstation in the US Destiny lab. Canadarm2 and the Japanese Experiment Module Remote Manipulator System both play a crucial role in berthing visiting vehicles and grappling external payloads on the US and Japanese modules. We also use Canadarm during spacewalks to transport spacewalkers and equipment."
Credit: ESA/NASA; CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 / eyevine
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Sea garbage in quarantine
ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer is here collecting garbage along the Space Coast of Florida admiring.
Matthias shared this image on his social media channels with the caption: "I've been relaxing during my quarantine by collecting rubbish on the beach. Sadly, this is not the only bag I filled. We really need to think about our environmental impact on Earth and in space. Clean oceans, clean space! It's up to all of us."
Credit: ESA - M. Maurer / eyevine
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Amalia the rover in Mars Terrain Simulator
Rosalind’s twin on Earth, known as Amalia, has successfully left the platform in a Mars terrain simulator at the ALTEC premises in Turin. The test model borrows its name from renowned astrophysicist Professor Amalia Ercoli Finzi. Amalia was the first woman to graduate in aeronautical engineering in Italy, and she strongly pushed for the development of the ExoMars drill already 20 years ago.
While the driving during these exercises takes Amalia about 15 minutes, the whole egress is a long and crucial operation that will last a few martian days for Rosalind Franklin the rover. After landing, the real rover will be busy for over a week unfolding its wheels and deploying the mast, among other checkouts.
Engineers are using the Amalia rover to recreate different scenarios and help them take decisions that will keep Rosalind safe in the challenging environment of Mars. The model is fully representative of what the rover will be able to do on the Red Planet.
Credit: ESA / eyevine
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Webb moved to meet Ariane 5
The James Webb Space Telescope was transferred to the final assembly building at Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana on 7 December 2021, to meet its Ariane 5 launch vehicle.
Stowed inside a special 23-tonne transport container, Webb was protected and monitored throughout the transfer.
Ariane 5 was already moved to the same building on 29 November. Here, adjustable platforms allow engineers to access the launch vehicle and its payload.
The next steps are to hoist Webb to the upper platform which has been prepared so that Webb can be integrated on Ariane 5’s upper stage and then encapsulated inside Ariane 5’s specially adapted fairing.
Webb is scheduled for launch on 22 December from Europe’s Spaceport. Ground teams have already successfully completed the delicate operation of loading the spacecraft with the propellant it will use to steer itself while in space.
Webb will be the largest, most powerful telescope ever launched into space. As part of an international collaboration agreement, ESA is providing the telescope’s launch service using the Ariane 5 launch vehicle. Working with partners, ESA was responsible for the development and qualification of Ariane 5 adaptations for the Webb mission and for the procurement of the launch service by Arianespace.
Credit: P PIRON / ESA / CNES / Arianespace / eyevine
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Saarlandish potato soup
ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer eats cream of potato soup developed by Saarland chef Christian Heinsdorf for Matthias's Cosmic Kiss mission. Matthias shared this special meal from his home region with his Expedition 66 crew mates in orbit using specially-design spoons as part of an investigation into into the antimicrobial properties of laser-structured surfaces.
Credit: ESA / NASA / eyevine
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Matthias Maurer in the Cupola
NASA astronaut Mark T. Vande Hei took this picture of ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer in the Cupola and tweeted: "Nope, thatís not an astronaut looking down on Mars Ö yet. That is Matthias Mauer, ESA astronaut @astro_matthias, taking pictures of the deserts of North Africa from the International Space Station."
Credit: NASAñ Mark T. Vande Hei / eyevine
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White Nile, Sudan
A part of the White Nile state in Sudan is featured in this false-colour image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.
Zoom in to see this image at its full 10 m resolution or click on the circles to learn more about the features in it.
White Nile is one of the 18 states of Sudan. Covering an area of around 40 000 sq km, the state is divided into four districts: Ad Douiem, Al Gutaina, Kosti and Al Jabalian. The area pictured here is located just north of Kosti, also spelled K?st?, which lies on the west bank of the White Nile River (not visible).
This false-colour image, captured on 25 August 2021, was processed in a way that also includes information from the near-infrared channel and shows vegetation in tones of red. This band combination is routinely used to monitor vegetation health. Although the area lies within an arid climatic region, low vegetation covering the valley floors between the sand dunes can be seen in bright shades of red.
Many agricultural plots can also be seen in red, particularly in the far-right and far-bottom of the image. Agriculture plays an important role in Sudan’s economy. The country’s main crops include cotton, peanuts, sesame and sugarcane, while the main subsistence crops include wheat, corn, sorghum and millet. Several small villages can also be spotted in the image, with many of them visible near artificial water reservoirs (easily spotted with their rectangular shape) and are most likely utilised during the dry season.
Owing to seasonal rainfall, many ephemeral bodies of water can be spotted in shades of turquoise and blue in the image.
Flooding is common in Sudan in August and September. During these months each year, monsoon rains pour into the Ethiopian Highlands and flow down to the Blue and White Nile and can often lead to floodwaters swamping nearby communities. Starting in August 2021, a series of torrential downpours overwhelmed streams and rivers and unleashed floods in the area, with the White N
Copernicus Sentinel data (2021), processed by ESA / eyevine -
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Icy cliff
A jagged slice in a crater wall on Mars stands out brightly against the darker terrain in this image taken by the CaSSIS camera on the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter at 7pm local time on 1 May 2021.
Despite the low light in this late evening image, several north-facing icy scarps are distinctly visible because of their covering of bright white carbon dioxide frost. The frost disappears in spring, but remains late on these scarps because of their pole-facing orientation.
This 11 km diameter crater is located in the northern plains of Mars at 55¡16'51.6"N/106¡25'3.4"W, north of Alba Mons.
TGO arrived at Mars in 2016 and began its full science mission in 2018. The spacecraft is not only returning spectacular images, but also providing the best ever inventory of the planetÕs atmospheric gases, and mapping the planetÕs surface for water-rich locations. It will also provide data relay services for the second ExoMars mission comprising the Rosalind Franklin rover and Kazachok platform, when it arrives on Mars in 2023.
Credit: Roscosmos/CaSSIS, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO / ESA / eyevine
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Looking four-ward to launch
ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti is all smiles alongside her Crew-4 mates during a training session at SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, California, USA.
Samantha is the next ESA astronaut to fly to space and is expected to be launched to the International Space Station in spring 2022. This is the second mission for Samantha who spent approximately 200 days in space in 2015 for her Futura mission.
Samantha is launching with familiar faces. Fellow mission specialist Jessica Watkins was part of NASAÕs NEEMO 23 crew, in which Samantha served as commander. The team spent 10 days living and working at the world's only undersea research station, Aquarius, located 19 m below the surface of the ocean off the coast of Florida.
Upon hearing the announcement, Samantha tweeted her congratulations, saying: ÒSo proud of you, Watty! After sharing the @NASA_NEEMO adventure on NEEMO23, IÕm grateful to have you as a crewmate again on #Crew4. It will be fun!Ó
Rounding off Crew-4 are NASA astronauts Kjell Lindgren as the commander and Bob ÒFarmerÓ Hines as pilot of their SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft. This is KjellÕs second flight and BobÕs first.
Samantha is the third European astronaut to launch on SpaceX, after Thomas Pesquet in early 2021 and current ESA astronaut-in-space Matthias Maurer in late 2021.
Training for SamanthaÕs second mission has included International Space Station refresher sessions at ESAÕs European Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany, NASAÕs Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas and RoscosmosÕs Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre in Star City, Moscow.
Credit: NASA/SpaceX / eyevine
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Galileo satellites placed on Soyuz launcher
UPDATE: GALILEO LAUNCH NOW SCHEDULED FOR 3 DECEMBER AT 01:27 CET (2 DECEMBER 21:27 KOUROU TIME)
This is the moment that Galileo satellites 27–28 – enclosed along with their Fregat upper stage within their protective fairing – were placed on top of the other three stages of their Soyuz launcher, ahead of the liftoff set to take place on the night of 1-2 December.
Galileo satellites 27 – 28 are scheduled to be launched by a Soyuz launcher from Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana on 2 December at 01:31 CET (1 December at 21:31 local Kourou time). Follow the launch live on ESA Web TV Two from 0104 CET.
Credit: P BAUDON-ESA-CNES-Arianespace Optique Video du CSG / eyevine
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Russian Node Module arrives
On Friday 26 November, astronauts on board the International Space Station welcomed the final Russian module, Prichal, This Node Module provides additional docking ports for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft. Russian cosmonauts Anton Shkaplerov and Pyotr Dubrov oversaw it's docking to the Russian segment.
ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer, who's currently aboard the International Space Station during his Cosmic Kiss mission, took this picture of the module and shared it on his social media channels.
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Webb fuelled for launch
The James Webb Space Telescope was fuelled inside the payload preparation facility at Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana ahead of its launch on Ariane 5.
Webb’s thrusters will use this propellant to make critical course-corrections after separation from Ariane 5, to maintain its prescribed orbit about one and a half million kilometres from Earth, and to repoint the observatory and manage its momentum during operations.
Fuelling any satellite is a particularly delicate operation requiring setup of the equipment and connections, fuelling, and then pressurisation.
Webb’s propellant tanks were filled separately with 133 kg of dinitrogen tetroxide oxidiser and 168 kg hydrazine. Oxidiser improves the burn efficiency of the hydrazine fuel.
These propellants are extremely toxic so only a few specialists wearing Self-Contained Atmospheric Protective Ensemble, or ‘scape’ suits, remained in the dedicated fuelling hall for fuelling which took 10 days and ended on 3 December.
The next steps will start soon for ‘combined operations’. This is when specialists working separately to prepare Webb and Ariane 5 will come together as one team. They will place Webb atop its Ariane 5 launch vehicle and encapsulate it inside Ariane 5’s fairing.
Then, no longer visible, Webb, joined with its Ariane 5 launch vehicle will be transferred to the Final Assembly building for the final preparations before launch.
Webb will be the largest, most powerful telescope ever launched into space. As part of an international collaboration agreement, ESA is providing the telescope’s launch service using the Ariane 5 launch vehicle. Working with partners, ESA was responsible for the development and qualification of Ariane 5 adaptations for the Webb mission and for the procurement of the launch service by Arianespace.
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Webb stickers for Ariane 5 fairing
At Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana, the finishing touches to the Ariane 5 fairing for the James Webb Space Telescope include the application of NASA, ESA and Canadian Space Agency logos and Webb insignia.
Webb will soon be encapsulated inside this 17 m-high 5.4 m-diameter fairing which will provide protection from the thermal, acoustic and aerodynamic stresses during the ascent to space.
Ariane 5’s fairing has been customised to accommodate the specific requirements of the Webb mission. New hardware ensures that venting ports around the base of the fairing remain fully open. This will minimise the shock of depressurisation when the fairing jettisons away from the launch vehicle.
Webb will be the largest, most powerful telescope ever launched into space. Its sunshield – a five-layer, diamond-shaped structure the size of a tennis court – was specially engineered to fold up and fit within the confines of Ariane 5’s fairing. Fully deployed, the telescope’s sunshield measures 21 m by 14 m. Stowed inside Ariane’s fairing, Webb will measure 10.66 m high and 4.5 m wide.
As part of an international collaboration agreement, ESA is providing the telescope’s launch service using the Ariane 5 launch vehicle. Working with partners, ESA was responsible for the development and qualification of Ariane 5 adaptations for the Webb mission and for the procurement of the launch service by Arianespace.
Webb is an international partnership between NASA, ESA and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA).
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Intermediate Ministerial Meeting, Portugal, 2021
ESAÕs Ministers in charge of space activities convened at an Intermediate Ministerial Meeting (IMM21) at the CEiiA centre, Matosinhos, Portugal, on 18-19 November 2021.
Credit: Stephane Corvaja / ESA / eyevine
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Hubble takes a grand tour of the Solar System
The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has made its stunning yearly observations of the Solar SystemÕs giant planets, to reveal atmospheric changes.
The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has completed its annual grand tour of the outer Solar System. This is the realm of the giant planets Ñ Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune Ñ extending as far as 30 times the distance between Earth and the Sun. Unlike the rocky terrestrial planets like Earth and Mars that huddle close to the SunÕs warmth, these far-flung worlds are mostly composed of chilly gaseous soups of hydrogen, helium, ammonia, and methane around a packed, intensely hot, compact core.
Though robotic spacecraft have sent back snapshots of their visits to these four monster planets over the past 50 years, their swirling, colourful atmospheres are constantly changing. Fulfilling the role of a weather forecaster, every time HubbleÕs sharp cameras revisit these worlds there are new surprises, offering fresh insights into their wild weather, driven by still largely unknown dynamics taking place under the cloudtops.
HubbleÕs snapshots of the outer planets reveal both extreme and subtle changes rapidly taking place in these distant worlds. HubbleÕs sharp view gleans insights into the fascinating, dynamic weather patterns and seasons on these gas giants and allows astronomers to investigate the very similar Ñ and very different Ñ variables that contribute to their changing atmospheres.
Jupiter
This yearÕs Hubble observations of Jupiter track the ever-changing landscape of its turbulent atmosphere, where several new storms are making their mark and the planetÕs equator has changed colour yet again.
HubbleÕs 4 September photo puts the giant planetÕs tumultuous atmosphere on full display. The planetÕs equatorial zone is now a deep orange hue, which researchers are calling unusual. While the equator has departed from its traditional white or beige appearance for a few years now, scientists were surprised to
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Washington state flooding
The US State of Washington is under a state of emergency following days of severe wind and rain leading to extensive flooding in parts of the state. The extreme weather was caused by an atmospheric river, a huge plume of moisture extending over the Pacific and into Washington. Different satellites in orbit carry different instruments that can provide us with a wealth of complementary information to understand and to respond to flooding disasters.
The first image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission shows the extent of the floods in the Nooksack River, which spilled over its banks this week and washed out several roads in the process. The flooding forced the evacuation of hundreds of residents and lead to the closure of schools.
More than 158 000 people were affected by power outages and disruptions to other services. The conditions triggered mudslides in the region, prompting the closure of the Interstate 5, but it has since reopened.
Optical satellite instruments such as the Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellites cannot see through clouds, which is why radar missions like Sentinel-1 are particularly useful. Radar images acquired before and after flooding events offer immediate information on the extent of inundation, thanks to Sentinel-1Õs ability to ÔseeÕ through clouds and rain.
The radar image on the right uses information from two separate acquisitions captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission on 4 November and 16 November 2021 and shows the extent of the flooding of the Nooksack River in dark blue.
The Copernicus Sentinels are a fleet of dedicated EU-owned satellites, designed to deliver the wealth of data and imagery that are central to the European Union's Copernicus environmental programme.
Credit: Copernicus Sentinel data (2021), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO / ESA / eyevine
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Location of possible planet in M51
A composite image of M51 with X-rays from NASA's Chandra and optical light from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope contains a box that marks the location of the possible planet candidate.
Credit: X-ray: NASA / CXC / SAO / R. DiStefano, et al.; Optical: NASA / ESA / STScI / Grendler / eyevine
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SES-17 satellite prior to launch
One of the largest telecommunications satellite ever built in Europe – which will provide high-speed data links for commercial aviation – is ready to be launched.
The SES-17 satellite, built by Thales Alenia Space, introduces cutting-edge innovations that were developed with ESA’s programme of Advanced Research in Telecommunication Systems to support the European space industry in the highly competitive global telecommunications market.
A fifth-generation digital transparent processor developed by Thales Alenia Space with the support of the French Space Agency CNES and ESA is at the heart of this high-speed “switchboard in the sky” satellite. The unit can be fully programmed while in orbit to route signals between people on board planes to the ground, for example.
It can provide data links of up to 2 Gbit per second between any of the approximately 200 fixed beams that cover an extensive Earth surface including the transatlantic air corridors.
This demanding mission is only possible thanks to a novel cooling system that was developed under the Spacebus Neo Partnership Project. The system is the first mechanically pumped loop to be used on large commercial telecommunications satellites.
The Spacebus Neo programme is a Partnership Project with satellite manufacturer Thales Alenia Space, ESA, the French Space Agency CNES and SES, the company that will operate the SES-17 satellite.
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Illustration of X-ray binary with possible planet
Astronomers detected the temporary dimming of X-rays from a system where a massive star is in orbit around a neutron star or black hole (shown in the artist's illustration). This dimming is interpreted as being a planet that passed in front of an X-ray source around the neutron star or black hole.
Credit: NASA / CXC/M. Weiss / ESA / eyevine
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Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia, is featured in this image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.
Zoom in to see this image at its full 10 m resolution or click on the circles to learn more about the features in it.
Located in west-central Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur is the countryÕs largest urban area and its cultural, commercial and transportation centre. The city lies in the hilly countryside of the Klang Valley and lies astride the confluence of the Kelang and Gombak rivers. Its name in Malay means Ômuddy estuary.Õ
The cityÕs commercial quarter, known as the Golden Triangle, is the site of the Petronas Twin Towers, the tallest twin towers in the world. Kuala Lumpur International Airport, one of the busiest airports in Asia, can be seen in the bottom of the image.
The Klang Valley is bordered by the Titiwangsa Mountains to the east, some minor ranges in the north and the Strait of Malacca in the west. Visible in the far left of the image, the Strait of Malacca is a narrow stretch of water between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra. A main shipping channel between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is one of the most important shipping lanes in the world. Port Klang, is the main gateway by sea into Malaysia and lies around 40 km southwest of Kuala Lumpur.
The Greater Kuala Lumpur area is around 2700 sq km and is an urban agglomeration of over seven million people Ð making it one of the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia. Like many other growing cities and areas in the world, the region is facing the daunting challenge of urban sprawl. This puts pressure on urban land in the city, but also on agricultural land in the periphery, as well as on other natural resources.
Urban areas are already home to 55% of the worldÕs population and that figure is expected to grow to 68% by 2050. In order to gain a better understanding of current trends in global urbanisation, ESA and the German Aerospace Center
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Representatives of Inmarsat, ESSP and ESA
An agreement signed today between satellite company Inmarsat and the European Satellite Services Provider, which represents air traffic controllers from seven European countries, will enable final tests of the space-based system to be conducted and evaluated. It is expected to be introduced across Europe by 2023.
ESA has worked with Inmarsat to develop a space-enabled digital alternative to traditional air traffic control that enables pilots to take more efficient trajectories, saving fuel and cutting carbon emissions.
The system – called Iris – uses satellites to exchange data with aircraft, supplementing the terrestrial communications system with digital position reports, clearances and runway conditions, sent via telecommunications satellites between cockpits and air traffic control centres.
Flight plans can be continually updated during the flight to maintain an optimal trajectory towards the destination, minimising the fuel burned and the carbon dioxide emitted.
Iris was first tested on planes flying over Europe in 2018 and debuted in the US on a new Boeing 737-9 operated by Alaska Airlines earlier this year.
Today’s agreement is between Inmarsat and the European Satellite Services Provider, a company founded by seven air navigation service providers from France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and the UK to operate and provide services for a satellite-based navigation system managed by the European Commission called the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service.
It aims to manage final testing and certification – which includes certification from the European Aviation Safety Agency ahead of commercial rollout across Europe. The agreement was signed today at the World Air Traffic Management Congress in Madrid.
Iris will implement its improvements under the European Commission’s single European sky air traffic management research programme, which promises to boost efficiency, capacity and performance of air traffic manag
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Lunar Lander in Dubai
This mockup represents a hybrid between part of ESA’s European Lunar Logistics Lander (EL3) and the French EUROHAB concept. It is currently on display at the International Astronautical Congress in Dubaiof ESA’s European Lunar Logistics Lander is currently on display at the International Astronautical Congress in Dubai.
The versatile EL3 will be used to land cargo on the lunar surface in support of crewed expeditions as well as to host science payloads, potentially enabling sample returns as well.
The bottom part of the mockup represents the EL3 Landing and Descent Element (LDE) and was created for ESA by startup Spartan Space in France. In practice this segment will be attached to a payload-hauling Cargo Platform Element, the subject of a study by ESA’s Concurrent Design Facility (CDF).
Mounted on top of the EL3 LDE exhibited in Dubai is the inflatable EUROHAB prototype concept that won the 'Lunar village' special mention at the Jacques Rougerie Foundation – Institut de France International Architecture Competition. The mock up creation was financed by French space agency CNES and AirLiquide.
Credit: G. Porter / ESA / eyevine
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Rocky roads through Lanzarote
Take away the clouds, bulk up the humans with suits and add an orange-red filter and this could be an image from a future mission to Mars.
The actual site, the Corona lava tube in Lanzarote, Spain, is closer than one might think to the Red Planet.
ThatÕs why participants of ESAÕs Pangaea course came here this week for the third session of their planetary geology training.
ESA astronaut Andreas Mogensen, ESA engineer Robin Eccleston and NASA astronaut Kathleen Rubins are this yearÕs students learning from geologists how to best explore the Moon and Mars right here on Earth.
Before ending up in one of EuropeÕs volcanic hotspots, Andreas, Kathleen and Robin learned how to describe geological sites, and how to classify rocks and identify traces of life during field trips to the Italian Dolomites and the Ries crater in Germany in September.
LanzaroteÕs volcanic landscapes are exceptionally well-preserved, and the long history of geological activity make it a unique open-air museum. Here, basaltic lava flows resemble vast plains on the lunar maria and volcanoes are similar to those in some regions of Mars.
For an astronaut whose day job is the daily operations of the International Space Station at Mission Control in Houston, USA, Andreas admits that looking at rocks sounded kind of boring at first.
But in Lanzarote, Andreas and his crewmates were set loose on the Mars-like terrain to follow pre-planned geological investigation routes and analyse the mineralogy of the soil all while remaining in constant communication with the science and training teams with dedicated tools.
Now, Andreas has learned to see the rocks in a new light. ÒItÕs intriguing to interpret the layers of the Earth where the rocks come from, and from there begin to understand the evolution of our planet,Ó he says.
Looking at rocks has led to an interesting three weeks for the astronaut, who would choose Mars as a destination for future spaceflight. Mars exploration might be in
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Webb’s Ariane 5 gains upper stage
The upper stage of Ariane 5 which will transport the James Webb Space Telescope in space, is now integrated with the Ariane 5 core stage inside the launch vehicle integration building at EuropeÕs Spaceport in French Guiana.
The upper stage arrived at the launch vehicle integration building on 11 November 2021 where it joined the Ariane 5 core stage and boosters. It was then hoisted high to awaiting engineers so that it could be integrated on top of the core stage.
The Ariane 5 upper stage is powered by the HM7B engine. It will contain 14.7 t of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen propellant to deliver 6.6 t of thrust for 1000 seconds. After core stage separation, the upper stage will provide attitude control during the ascent and separation of Webb on its path to the Lagrange point.
The Vehicle Equipment Bay, Ôthe brainÕ of Ariane 5, which is integrated with the upper stage, autonomously controls the whole vehicle and transmits all key flight parameters to the ground station network.
Webb will be the largest, most powerful telescope ever launched into space. As part of an international collaboration agreement, ESA is providing the telescopeÕs launch service using the Ariane 5 launch vehicle. Working with partners, ESA was responsible for the development and qualification of Ariane 5 adaptations for the Webb mission and for the procurement of the launch service by Arianespace.
Webb is an international partnership between NASA, ESA and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA).
These activities mark the beginning of a five-week campaign to prepare the Ariane 5 launch vehicle which runs in parallel with teams preparing Webb, which started three weeks earlier. Soon Webb will meet Ariane 5 and teams will unite for the final integration for launch.
Credit: ESA/CNES/Arianespace / ESA / eyevine
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Crew photo: Expedition 66 on Station
ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer arrives aboard the International Space Station with his crew mates NASA astronauts Raja Chari, Kayla Barron and Tom Marshburn.
The four astronauts were greeted by Roscosmos cosmonauts Anton Shkaplerov (current Space Station commander) and Piotr Dubrov as well as NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei.
Tom affixed pins to the lapels of Matthias, Kayla and Raja signifying their new status as flown astronauts.
Matthias posted this image to his social media channels on 17 November as his first post from orbit.
Visit the Cosmic Kiss mission page to learn more about MatthiasÕs mission.
Credit: NASA / ESA / eyevine
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A Dragon approaches
SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft Endurance arrives at the International Space Station carrying Crew-3 crew members Kayla Barron, Raja Chari, Tom Marshburn and Matthias Maurer.
This image was posted on Matthias's social media channels on Thursday 18 November Ð one week after Crew-3 was launched from Launchpad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, USA.
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Greenland meltwater runoff
As world leaders and decision-makers join forces at COP26 to accelerate action towards the goals of the Paris Agreement, new research, again, highlights the value of satellite data in understanding and monitoring climate change. This particular new research, which is based on measurements from ESA’s CryoSat mission, shows that extreme ice melting events in Greenland have become more frequent and more intense over the past 40 years, raising sea levels and the risk of flooding worldwide. The findings, published this week in Nature Communications, reveal that Greenland’s meltwater runoff has risen by 21% over the past four decades, and has become 60% more erratic from one summer to the next.
Credit: Honora Rider / ESA / Planetary Visions / eyevine
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GHGSat
GHGSat is a leader in high-resolution greenhouse gas monitoring from space, providing actionable emission data to businesses, governments, and regulators worldwide. With proprietary remote-sensing capabilities and patented technology, GHGSat can monitor individual facilities, offering greater data accuracy, and facilitating timely strategic decision-making insights.
Credit: Mieka Kamphuis / GHGSat / ESA / eyevine
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Eutelsat Quantum
Eutelsat Quantum represents a shift from custom-designed, one-off payloads to a more generic approach, resulting in reduced cost and time through a modular and scalable answer to the payload specification, design, technology and manufacturing. It will also be capable of unprecedented in-orbit re-configurability in coverage, frequency and power, allowing complete mission rehaul, including orbital position.
It is a public–private partnership between ESA and Eutelsat, and is manufactured by Airbus.
Credit: ESA / eyevine
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